Literature Review of Celebrity Endorsement Essay Example

Literature Review of Celebrity Endorsement Essay Running head: A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT Celebrity Endorsement in Mass Media Advertising Brands Celebrity endorsement in mass media advertising has become a very beneficial phenomenon for many countries and has significantly increased in the past decade, and should be the main principle of brand communications since it is the key to marketing success. Any product that is displayed in a television commercial or magazine advertisement by a corporation that uses a celebrity or well known public figure to give a testimonial or information about the product, is practicing celebrity endorsement. Although commonly thought of starting in the United States, celebrity endorsement began in India during the ‘80s but has since been adopted by countries in Asia, Europe, and almost worldwide. Modern mass media (especially that of tabloids) has increased exposure of celebrities to the point that it is unavoidable to not be exposed to a celebrity face. The primary principle that celebrity endorsement works off of is the public recognition of the celebrity endorser as an admirable or desirable cultural force. It is not uncommon to view commercials from the past 10 years and see popular icons like Britney Spears endorsing a particular soft drink like Pepsi or Michael Jordan endorsing Nike as the number one brand for anyone that has even the slightest liking to sports. These celebrities among many others, are used to promote products, services, and ideas (Kambitsis et al. , 2002). A reason for the increase in the usage of celebrity endorsing on various levels of mass media is almost exclusively due to the fact that this strategy results in more positive advertisement and product ratings (Dean and Biswas, 2001), as well as We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Celebrity Endorsement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Celebrity Endorsement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Celebrity Endorsement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT an increase in the purchasing of the product and in turn, increased finances for the producer (Erdogan, 2001). Most celebrity endorsers come from the entertainment and sports industries. Nevertheless, more than likely, the celebrity endorser is not known to the public for the product that they are endorsing (Friedman, 1979), therefore they are not experts of that product. As mentioned previously for example, Britney Spears has endorsed Pepsi. She s an iconic pop singer and even though she wrote a song called â€Å"Joy of Pepsi,† she is not an expert on what the best tasting soft drink is; her fame has no relation to what she is endorsing. Besides those obvious facts, Pepsi’s sales increased four times as fast as their competitor (DeNitto, 1994). Although celebrity endorsing is very expensive for the companies, in the long run it has often helped their sales because they are recognized by the public and viewed as more powerful t han an anonymous face of a model (Carroll, 2008). Celebrities are also interested in endorsing themselves in the product as their image considerably develops rather quickly along with the product. According to Speck (1988), endorsements involve three participants; sellers, endorsers, and target consumers. This is because the seller asks an endorser to use and evaluate a product, and then after trying a product, the endorser encourages the target consumers and personal fans to also purchase and try out the product. Advertising campaigns using celebrities to support brand strategy have in general tended to be repetitive, high-profile and loud extravaganzas in which the celebrity features prominently and directly, unlike the product itself, which seems more like an addition to the whole scheme of the advertisement (Carroll, 2009). Celebrity endorsement is a powerful marketing strategy compared to the A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT likes of public relations and sales promotion but has been the most long-standing beneficial strategy out of all (Hsu and McDonald, 2002). Choosing the Celebrity Endorser Giving a brand a recognizable ‘face’ is often more than just a marketing strategy, but for better or worse can change a brand forever. Thus, choosing a celebrity endorser is of maximum importance and therefore done on a whole slew of parameters that include appeal, looks, popularity, product type, message type, etc. (Erdogan, 1999). The general belief among advertisers is that brand communication messages that are delivered by these selectively chosen celebrity endorsers, produce a higher appeal and recall than those advertisements that are not celebrity endorsed. Furthermore, when celebrities are recognized with brand names, it creates a positive attitude, as well as a distinct personality for the brand. For example, Forbes reported that Chanel, an extremely well known Parisian fashion house, acquired an endorsement deal with spokes icon Nicole Kidman, which in turn increased business by about 16%, without administering any changes whatsoever in fragrance or packaging, because â€Å"all of a sudden, younger women took notice of the brand (Forbes). † Credibility is also an obvious large part in determining who to use in endorsements for a specific product. Previous research has shown that celebrities that endorse several products at a time are seen as less credible to the typical consumer (Hsu and McDonald, 2002), rather than a celebrity who just endorses a single product. The reason for this insight is because a celebrity who endorses multiple products can seem as if they do not have a real liking or interest in a particular product and will just peddle any product that is asked of them. Another event that could A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT iscredit a celebrity endorsement is negative press or events that are associated with the celebrity’s name. This very problem occurred in 2005 with supermodel Kate Moss. She was dropped from her endorsements from large companies Burberry, HM, and Chanel, when photographs of her snorting cocaine surfaced in magazines and websites. Companies using a celebrity endorser take into account the serious consequences (loss of revenue, bad image) of putting a tainted face to their produc t since as stated above, the brand’s whole personality is often dependent on the celebrity endorser. Another aspect that is taken into account pertaining to the effectiveness of the celebrity endorser is to directly measure the degree that the consumers evaluate the celebrity as genuinely liking the product that they are endorsing. According to Gilbert and Malone (1995), these evaluations are recognizable under a type of judgment called â€Å"correspondent inferences. † Correspondent inferences generally refer to a judgment that consumers observe the endorser’s behavior in the advertisement to then infer consistent character in the endorser. For example, the consumer would observe an athlete saying he loves the breakfast cereal Wheaties, and then the consumer would infer that the athlete really does, in fact, like Wheaties. Adding to this study, McCracken (1986) suggests that a celebrity that best represents the appropriate symbolic properties â€Å"of the product should be selected, thus, highlighting the importance of the cultural meanings of celebrities in the endorsement process. † Culturally speaking, Americans identify themselves more closely with celebrities and are more willing to accept and unconsciously accept endorsement messages. Brands are therefore seen as playing a fundamental, as well as A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT complex role in the construction of the self (Carroll, 2009). We achieve self-consistency via brand consumption, purchasing brands that we perceive to be similar to our selfconcept. Defined as image congruence hypothesis, this suggests that brands perform a function of self-enhancement whereby consumers form perceptions about brands and compare these to their own value system, selecting brands that match the closest. All in all, the public’s fascination with the celebrities will continue on because of their role in society as an entertainer and in return, the use of celebrities in advertising will continue to increase (Pringle, 2004). Grant McCracken has proposed the Meaning Transfer Theory when referring to celebrity endorsement and its effectiveness. His theory states that a celebrity encodes a unique set of meanings that can be transferred to the endorsed product if used in the correct way. This theory takes place in three stages—encoding meanings, meaning transfer, and meaning capture. McCracken’s theory is described as first, encoding meanings: this is basically the age, gender, race, and wealth or personal lifestyle that a celebrity can be identified with by the public. For example, a celebrity can be seen as cute, witty, and charming due to any of those factors, since each person viewing these celebrities will make their own meanings about them (McCracken, 1986). The next stage that occurs is meaning transfer. This second stage transfers those meanings to a product and when those meanings are skillfully portrayed, celebrities are able to communicate the image more powerfully as endorsers. The final stage is meaning capture, which assumes A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT that consumers purchase products not just for their practical value, but for their cultural and symbolic value that they can convey from the product. Agreeing with McCracken, Carroll also adds to this statement by reporting that the consumers now turn to brands of products less as bundles of utility and more so as â€Å"badges that contain social meaning† (Carrol, 2009). Simply put, it is the stage that the consumers hope to capture some part of the meaning from the first stage (cute, witty, etc. , which the celebrity endorser has seemed to have passed on to the product. This is especially true in celebrity promoted lifestyle products like perfumes, clothes, and consumer technology (McCracken, 1986). Because celebrity endorsements tie into people’s personal and cultural meanings, it seems that they will always infinitely be effective and have proven to be a sustainable marketing technique. Based on the previous research, this study will move forward and add to the literature by asking the following questions: RQ 1: Will all correspondent inferences be positively associated with the attitudes toward the advertised product? RQ 2: Will observers (consumers) still believe that the celebrity endorser likes the product more than the average user, even though they know the endorser is getting a large payment? References Dean, D. H. and Biswas, A. (2001). Third-party organization endorsement of products: an advertising cue affecting consumer pre purchase evaluation of goods and services. Journal of Advertising. 30 (4). Carroll, Angela. (2009). Brand communications in fashion categories using celebrity endorsement. Journal of Brand Management. 17 (2). 146-158. doi: 10. 1057/bm. 2008. 42 DeNitto, E. (1994). Pepsi, Coke think international for future growth. Advertising Age. p. 44. Erdogan, B. Z. (1999). Celebrity endorsement. Journal of Marketing Management. 11 (1). Erdogan, B. Z. (2001). Selecting celebrity endorsers: the practitioner’s perspective. Journal of Advertising Research. 41. p. 39. Friedman, H. H. (1979). Endorser effectiveness by product type. Journal of Advertising Research. 19 (5). Hsu, C. K. and McDonald, D. (2002). An examination on multiple celebrity endorsement in advertising. Journal of Product and Brand Management. 11 (1). pp. 19-29. Kambitsis, C. , Harahousou, Y. Thedorakis, C. 2002). Sports advertising in print media: case of 200 Olympic games. Corporate Communication: An International Journal. 7 (3). McCracken, G. (1986). Culture and consumption: a theoretical account of the structure and movement of the cultural meaning of consumer goods. The Journal of Consumer Research. 13 (1). Onkvisit, S. and Shaw, J. (1987). Self-concept and image congruence: Some research and managerial implications. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 4(1). 13-23. Pringle, H. (2004). Celebrity sells. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. England. Ruiz, N. (2008). Can a star sell you style?. Forbes. com LLC.

Essays from 52 to Social Media Versus Cyber Bullying

Essays from 52 to Social Media Versus Cyber Bullying

Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management - Research Paper Example â€Å"The result of the innovation process is innovation – a creation that has significant value† (Cingula & Veselica). Innovation strategy is the manner by which organizations respond to challenges in market by way of research and development, product or process innovation, and by the use of technology or market forces; Analysis: 1) McDonald: McDonald’s Corporation operates its chain of business in a challenging market segment, and it employs an efficient competitive strategy against its competitors. To offer efficient service to those whom they cater, the company provides standardized training processes for employees. McDonald’s also competes by offering low price for high quality products. It necessitates efficient processes for the entire organization. The introduction of â€Å"Made for you† system offered standard food items that are not kept in a bin until they get sold. Later they realized that even if the new system offered fresh food, it wa s not time effective. Still, McDonald’s continues with the system, by adding new options to help the system work quickly. McDonald’s has planned to increase profits by increasing sales in its existing restaurants. They developed a â€Å"new taste menu,† where they offered a new type of sandwich for one week to offer a variety of options to satisfy customer’s desire. But, the new taste menu proved to be inefficient as customers were annoyed at the fact that they couldn’t purchase their new favorite sandwich again. Later they realized that people are more conscious regarding their health and they responded to this trend by adding salads and further lighter choice to their menu. McDonald’s has paid significant concentration to children who help them to build a stable business, by encouraging the entire family to visit McDonald’s. McDonald’s strategy to develop brand loyalty in children has turned out to be a great success. 2) Appl e: Apple exerts a combination of Bottom-Up and Top Down innovation strategy to generate new innovations. The innovation culture of Apple is closely attached with that of its leadership. â€Å"Innovation comes from saying no to 1,000 things, to make sure we don’t get on the wrong track or try to do too much† (A Leadership that Understands Innovation para. 2). The innovation process is facilitated by five leadership roles which include  Institutional Leader, Entrepreneur, Critic, Mentor and Sponsor.   The institutional leader produces organizational infrastructure needed for innovation.   The critic confronts investments and goals. The entrepreneur controls innovative units.   The sponsor procures and advocates, while the mentor counsels and advises. To maintain strategy of product differentiation, Apple has used these the five roles of leadership. The Innovation Factory which is the new build up of Apple, is the one that harnesses unrestrained creativity for its customers, enterprising new ideas & stimulating bold, steps, and being successful in innovations. Apple leverages its employees ecosystem, suppliers, customers, global networks and partners, proving the process of innovation, the idea that winning culture doesn't agree to second place, and to grab the new marketplace opportunities for the business to glow. 3. Microsoft: â€Å"

Personal paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal paper - Essay Example While growing up, I had a deep desire within me to pursue and advance my career in film production. This instigated my desire to advance my studies in high school and college. At some point, I was unable to full attain my goals until now when I discovered this internship. I must admit that this internship has changed my perception as a film producer in the marketplace. In my internship, I have learnt that my career is more of a personal experience than being taught in the classroom. I have gained great insights on entertainment industry specifically about film production. My experience in this internship has adequately prepared me to understand what is required to shoot a film or a commercial. I have been motivated to apply in different placements such as TV Board and MN film. I am privileged to understand the things that take place when shooting a film such as the best location to make the movie, the equipments required, and the funding just to name a few. In life, mentors cannot be underestimated in that they help many people understand their personal and career goals. Craig Rice has been a great mentor in my career in that he has equipped me with skills and abilities that help one to become a competent film producer. With this, I am ready to face the modern world that value films and commercial adverts. When we first met, Craig promised me that he would usher me in my career as a producer. Since I met him, I have discovered more about myself especially in the arena of film production. I have expanded my knowledge in the film production by ensuring that I am challenging myself. This internship has been a tremendous opportunity to integrate practices and theories that I learnt in high school and college. I have studied a lot of practice in my classes, and even applied some to application. However, this internship has changed my role as an observer to being more of an active participant in the field. My experience has challenged my theoretical base in the class room in that I practically utilized what I have been taught in the classroom to the field. My knowledge in film production has increased from one level to the other. As previously mentioned, I have learnt how to make a film or a commercial and the best location that suit the production process. I have developed some principles in my work. In essence, I have obtained these principles from my personal experiences in school, in the workplace, and life. The intern has helped me understand what my weaknesses and strengths are in given situations. Understanding what works for me has expanded my skills in my area of professionalism. I have moved into another phase of learning where the focus differs from learning the work to understanding and learning how to perform the task effectively. This internship has helped me to acquire new skills and abilities, and I am now grateful since I can think about skill development in broad terms. Internship is an opportunity for a student to measure thei r learning in class to the actual work. The knowledge and skills acquired from the class can be applied in the field and will effectively help a student succeed in their work (Frederick and King 8). The greatest importance of attending an internship is to understand the real issues inherent in the field, as opposed to the theoretical learning in the class. It is more of a practical class that is not learnt in a learning institution. Skills are acquired, which help the intern to handle similar situations in their jobs.

Sociology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Sociology - Assignment Example The first aim of a person is to ‘live’ and then live happily. A person has to take life as a natural gift which cannot be destroyed or wasted by the person himself. Life is a precious gift of nature and God bestowed on the people with a direction to take care of it. Law, society and people fight for their rights and all these efforts are in search of a happy life. If people would start running away from difficulties and may take death as a resort, life will become worthless and meaningless. People will eventually stop putting efforts to have the best possible thing in life to eat, wear, reside and acquire. Does it mean that people must stop thinking about dying? Certainly not! The concept of living is to be encouraged to live, work, put efforts and think about future. This does not mean that a person must take this life as immortal. We see, hear and observe many instances of accidental, age factored and usual deaths and hence cannot deny the fact that one has to die some day. However, the concept is not to leave today’s happiness and comforts for tomorrow’s sorrow. According to me, we are in this world to make it a better place to live, to innovate and to explore the nature. We are not here to wait for the death – the end of our life. It is worth mentioning here that the concept of assisted suicide is flawed in my opinion. Each and every minute of our life is important, even the most painful moments. Life is subjected to bear the unwanted and fight the uncalled. If we think about society, promoting such a concept will not only affect people’s perception about life but will also eliminate the charm to live. Encouraging assisted suicide or making it legal will change people’s views and they will be less motivated to work, study and even to earn. They may involve themselves in other harmful activities, crimes and unethical practices as they know a way out of their consequences. In conclusion, we can say

A Review Of Personal Loans Commerce Essay

A Review Of Personal Loans Commerce Essay If you already have a personal loan, the chances are that it is costing you more than it should. Even though there are a number of great opportunities to make your money work harder, most people dont bother changing their loan and stick with a loan rate that doesnt reflect the best deal. By using our search tool to compare loans, you can compare offers available from loan providers in the UK including both personal loans and homeowner loans. A loan is an amount of money you borrow from your bank or any financial institution, usually over a fixed period of time, which is repaid at regular intervals. Interest is charged and added to the original loan amount, and other charges, such as an Administration Fee, may apply to the loan as well. Generally, there are 2 types of loans secured and unsecured loan. Secured loans are secured against the mortgaged property. Secured loans usually ranges from  £3,000 to  £50,000, although some lenders will consider lending up to  £100,000. The amount borrowed is repaid monthly over a term agreed at the outset, ranging between three and 25 years. Unsecured loans can be taken out without offering the lender any security. Unsecured personal loans are available for a range of different amounts and repayment terms. Larger loans such as those for over  £10,000 can usually be taken over longer terms, for example between seven and 10 years, and the maximum you can borrow is about  £25,000. Payday loans are short-term borrowing solutions aimed at those facing an immediate financial difficulty. If you find yourself short of cash towards the end of the month, you can apply for a same-day payday loan, usually lasting for 31 days and are generally available for amounts between  £100 and  £1,000. The interest rates on payday loans are much higher than those on most other types of borrowing. The most common personal loans are fixed, which means repayments are set at a certain amount over a set period of time. Variable loans are also available, although this means that your interest rate is dependent on the bank base rate and could fluctuate. When choosing a loan you should pay careful attention to the APR, the Annual Percentage Rate, this is important because it tells you how much you are paying back. Secured loans Secured loans are secured against the mortgaged property. Secured loans usually ranges from  £3,000 to  £50,000, although some lenders will consider lending up to  £100,000. The amount borrowed is repaid monthly over a term agreed at the outset, ranging between three and 25 years. Unsecured loans can be taken out without offering the lender any security. Payday Loans Payday loans are short-term borrowing solutions aimed at those facing an immediate financial difficulty. If you find yourself short of cash towards the end of the month, you can apply for a same-day payday loan, usually lasting for 31 days and are generally available for amounts between  £100 and  £1,000. The interest rates on payday loans are much higher than those on most other types of borrowing. Payday loans are intended only as a short term arrangement. As with an overdraft, payday loans should not be seen as a long term solution. Mortgages A mortgage is a large loan secured against your home, usually for a standard term of 25 years. Remember that a mortgage is a secured loan, which means that the lender could take your home away if you do not keep up with payments. There are two main ways you can repay your home loan, either through a Repayment scheme or an Interest Only scheme. Repayment: This means that you pay back the capital and the interest of your mortgage on a monthly basis. Interest Only: This means you pay off the interest on your mortgage, but not the actual lump sum or capital you owe. What is Remortgaging? This is the process by which a m ortgage on a property is moved from one lender to another. The new mortgage is used to repay the existing lender and at the same time additional funds may be raised for other purposes. Re-mortgaging has become an increasingly popular way to take advantage of the competitive deals offered by lenders to attract new business. If a re-mortgage is being considered then careful attention should be paid to the costs associated with arranging the re-mortgage as well as the savings to be made on the monthly repayment (the costs can sometimes erode any savings to be made). A check should also be made with the existing lender to ensure that there are no early redemption charges. Credit Cards: If you already have a credit card with an outstanding balance, the chances are that it is costing you more than it should. Even though there are a number of great opportunities to make your money work harder, most people dont bother changing their credit card and stick with a credit card that doesnt reflect the best deal. By using our search tools to compare credit cards, you can compare the best offers available from all credit card providers in the UK including the leading 0% balance transfer credit cards and 0% purchase credit cards. Credit Cards offer an easy and flexible way of borrowing for our everyday needs and pay it back in monthly payments. Credit cards offer a safe and convenient way to pay for goods and services both in the UK and abroad, particularly if you are purchasing over the internet, phone or by mail order. Credit Cards can be very handy when you are visiting another country, but it could cost you. The exchange rate used by Credit Card companies for transactions overseas will probably range from 0% to 2.75% above the standard exchange rate. Cash back credit cards pay you a percentage rebate on the money you spend on the card. Cash back credit cards are most profitable if you pay your card balance in full every month. If you intend to keep a balance on your card, you might prefer instead to find one that offers a low interest rate. Most cash backs are calculated in the region of 0.50% to 1.00% of card spend. A prepaid card looks like a credit or debit card, and gives users the ability to purchase products and services with a card but with a crucial difference you can only spend the balance that has been preloaded onto the card. This means there is no risk of running into debt as it has no credit or overdraft facility. Money can be loaded on to a prepaid card by cash at a bank, Post Office, at Payzone or PayPoint terminals, bank transfer, through your employer or even by another credit card. Car Insurance Insurance is now available for nearly anything, covering the most important and probably the most expensive possessions in your and your familys lives: your home and its contents, your vehicle and your holiday. Depending on what youre insuring, policies and premiums will differ greatly some will be short-term and cover only emergencies, while others like motor or house and contents insurance will be more long-term in nature and will likely adapt to your changing circumstances during the term of your policy. Car insurance is a legal requirement because cars have the capacity to seriously damage property or injure people and you need to be insured to pay for any accidents you cause. There are three common types of car insurance and each offers a varying level of cover. They are: third party, third party: fire and theft, and comprehensive. Third party insurance covers the minimum required by law. It pays compensation to anyone else who was injured or had their car and property damaged. Third party: fire and theft insurance offers all of the protection that a standard third party policy does but also pays out compensation for damage done to your car by fire or theft. Comprehensive insurance offers the same level of protection as fire and theft but also protects you against accidental damage. Comprehensive cover usually covers personal belonging in the car as well. Home Insurance Insurance is now available for nearly anything, covering the most important and probably the most expensive possessions in your and your familys lives: your home and its contents, your vehicle and your holiday. Depending on what youre insuring, policies and premiums will differ greatly some will be short-term and cover only emergencies, while others like motor or house and contents insurance will be more long-term in nature and will likely adapt to your changing circumstances during the term of your policy. Home insurance are of 2 main types: buildings insurance contents insurance. Buildings insurance are those policies that cover the actual building you live in Contents Insurance are those policies that cover the contents of your property. You can buy a single policy that covers you for both, but treat them as two separate policies. It is very important for you to let your insurers know the complete details of your property, even if the policy ends up costing you more. It is important for you to have a policy that meets all your requirements while taking on your home insurance including fire, burglary, frozen pipes, extensions, storms, floods, etc., Bike Insurance : Insurance is now available for nearly anything, covering the most important and probably the most expensive possessions in your and your familys lives: your home and its contents, your vehicle and your holiday. Depending on what youre insuring, policies and premiums will differ greatly some will be short-term and cover only emergencies, while others like motor or house and contents insurance will be more long-term in nature and will likely adapt to your changing circumstances during the term of your policy. Bike theft is one of the most common type of vehicle theft and as such it is a wise investment to insure your bike. However bike insurance does not just cover you against theft, it also covers any damages that an accident (or delinquency) may cause to your bike or to yourself. Insurance companies tend to offer three main types of cover for your bike. 1) Third Party Only Bike Insurance This is the most basic level of motorcycle insurance cover available and covers you for third party death, third party injury and third party property damage. 2) Third Party Fire and Theft Bike Insurance This cover covers all of the above plus fire and theft cover and miscellaneous damage to your bike/motorcycle (subject to policy conditions). 3) Comprehensive Bike Insurance This insurance covers both of the above plus accidental damage to your bike/motorcycle. Travel Insurance Insurance is now available for nearly anything, covering the most important and probably the most expensive possessions in your and your familys lives: your home and its contents, your vehicle and your holiday. Depending on what youre insuring, policies and premiums will differ greatly some will be short-term and cover only emergencies, while others like motor or house and contents insurance will be more long-term in nature and will likely adapt to your changing circumstances during the term of your policy. Home insurance are of 2 main types: buildings insurance contents insurance. Buildings insurance are those policies that cover the actual building you live in Contents Insurance are those policies that cover the contents of your property. You can buy a single policy that covers you for both, but treat them as two separate policies. It is very important for you to let your insurers know the complete details of your property, even if the policy ends up costing you more. It is important for you to have a policy that meets all your requirements while taking on your home insurance including fire, burglary, frozen pipes, extensions, storms, floods, etc., Life Insurance Insurance is now available for nearly anything, covering the most important and probably the most expensive possessions in your and your familys lives: your home and its contents, your vehicle and your holiday. Depending on what youre insuring, policies and premiums will differ greatly some will be short-term and cover only emergencies, while others like motor or house and contents insurance will be more long-term in nature and will likely adapt to your changing circumstances during the term of your policy. A life insurance policy is a long-term commitment. Life assurance is a policy provided by an insurance company that pays your family either a lump sum or a series of smaller sums in the event of your death. There are several types of life insurance: Level term insurance designed to pay out a sum of money if the policyholder should die during the policys term. The sum assured is guaranteed and remains unchanged throughout the term. Decreasing term life insurance i.e. mortgage protection cover where the sum decreases during the policy. It is regularly used to protect capital and interest repayments on a mortgage. Renewable term insurance On the expiry date there is an option to continue without a health review. Convertible term insurance Level term insurance with the option to revert to whole life or endowment insurance. Increasing term insurance Due to inflation the value of money declines each year. Consequently, this form of insurance combats that with an escalating sum assured. Index linked term insurance Some insurers provide the option for the premium to be increased each year in relation to the Retail Price Index. Income Protection Income protection insurance is taken out against the payment of a debt ie it promises to cover your repayments (whether it is a loan or credit card debt) in the event that you lose your income due to unemployment, illness or an accident. Accident, Sickness and Unemployment You can be covered for accidents, sickness or involuntary unemployment. This cover does generally have exclusions for sickness and unemployment. Exclusions for accident and sickness can include: Any existing physical or medical condition of which you were aware on the date of signing the application form. Any disablement for which you had received treatment or advice during the 12 months immediately preceding the start date of insurance. Any disablement for which medical evidence has not been provided by a registered medical practitioner. Exclusions for unemployment can include: Unemployment resulting from industrial action, misconduct, voluntary unemployment or redundancy, and resignation. Unemployment which you were already aware of when signing the application form. If you are not registered as unemployed or not seeking alternative employment. Any unemployment which is a normal incident or seasonal occurrence in your occupation. Accident Sickness You can choose to be covered incase you have an accident or become ill and you are unable to work. You should remember that policies will exclude cover for the following: Any existing physical or medical condition of which you were aware on the date of signing the application form. Any disablement for which you had received treatment or advice during the 12 months immediately preceding the start date of insurance. Any disablement for which medical evidence has not been provided by a registered medical practitioner. Unemployment Only You can choose to be covered in case you become unemployed. This cover is generally only available if you have been employed/self employed continuously for a set time period. Exclusions can include, unemployment: Resulting from industrial action, misconduct, voluntary unemployment or redundancy, resignation. Which you were already aware of when signing the application form. If you are not registered as unemployed or not seeking alternative employment. Which is a normal incident or seasonal occurrence in your occupation.

Young Goodman Brown VS. Paul Essay -- essays research papers fc

Young Goodman Brown vs. Paul   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After studying the short stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Willa Cather’s â€Å"Paul’s Case†, I began to see many similarities within the two stories. Both of the main characters in each story have characteristics that could be looked at as being alike, but after analyzing each character I started to find that although alike in some aspects, these two characters are very different from one another. At first I noticed that both Goodman Brown and Paul are starved for attention, but in different ways. Next, I see that each character has issues with their past and are both trying desperately to overcome them. Finally, I found that each character’s main goal in life was the desire to become something outstanding in their communities. Each of these points is evidence that although similar, each character has many different views on how to accomplish their goals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, we will start with Goodman Brown. He is the main character in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story titled â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. â€Å"Hawthorne could not escape the influence of Puritan society† (McCabe). I think that Hawthorne’s own past is and complications are reveled in his story about Goodman Brown. I believe that Goodman Brown has had a rough past and is trying to reach beyond his past in order to reach heaven. Goodman has some major problems with his wife, Faith, and everyone else in his community. I think that he is seeing everyone as perfect people, but he is having impure thoughts about himself and his past. In order to deal with these problems within himself, he is making up that everyone has this awful bad side. When he goes into the forest, he believes he is talking to the devil with looks much like his grandfather. The devil is feeding him bad thoughts about everyone he knows, even his own father and his wife Fai th. Next, I believe that Goodman Brown has had a rough past and in order for him to overcome this within himself he must search for attention. This attention may not be needed from his wife or community members, I believe it is needed from him. He is feeling overwhelmed with obligations from his wife and peers that he has no time to decide whether this type of life is right for him. So, in search for the answer to his questions about life, he turns to the devil and takes his... ...become anything he dreamed about becoming in his life he thought he should move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reviewing both, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s and Willa Cather’s short stories, I believe that although similar in some ways, Goodman Brown and Paul are far more different than what we might expect. Both have similar characteristics, and even may share the same problems, but these two characters are two very different people, from very different periods of time. Works Cited Cather, Willa â€Å"Paul’s Case: A Study in Temperament†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Online, Available @ http://unx1.shsu.edu/~eng_wpf/authors/Cather   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 19, 2004 Hawthorne, Nathaniel â€Å"The Text of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Online, Available @ http://itech.fgcu.edu/Hawthorne.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 19, 2004 McCabe, Michael E. â€Å"The Consequences of Puritan Depravity and Distrust as Historical Context for Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Online, Available @ http://itech.fgcu.edu/facualty/wohlpart/alra/Hawthorne.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 19, 2004

Last Sacrifice Chapter Thirty-three

CRIES AND SCREAMS FROM THE audience told me my disguise was gone. Many eyes also went to Dimitri. Adrian had dropped that illusion too, once I'd shed mine. And, as we'd been expecting, the guardians who had been gradually taking up position around us surged forward, armed with handguns. I still thought that was cheating. Fortunately, my mother and Mikhail moved quickly into place to block our attackers and deter any gunshots. â€Å"Don't,' I snapped at Dimitri, who I knew was probably about to join our two defenders. It was crucial he and I stay perfectly still, so we weren't taken as threats. I even went as far as to hold up my arms, and–reluctantly, I suspected–Dimitri did too. â€Å"Wait. Please listen to us first.' The guardian circle was tight, with no gaps. I was pretty sure my mom and Mikhail were the only thing keeping them from shooting us then and there. Guardians would always avoid fighting other guardians if possible. Two blockers were easy to take down, though, and these guardians wouldn't wait forever. Jill and Abe suddenly moved forward, taking positions next to us. More shields. I saw one of the looming guardians grimace. Civilians complicated things. Adrian had not moved, but the fact that he was enclosed in the circle at all still made him an obstacle. â€Å"Haul us off later if you want,' I said. â€Å"We won't resist. But you have to let us talk first. We know who killed the queen.' â€Å"So do we,' said one of the guardians. â€Å"Now, the rest of you †¦ back away before you're hurt. These are dangerous fugitives.' â€Å"They need to talk,' said Abe. â€Å"They have evidence.' Again, he pushed forward with his case, acting confidently about things he had no clue about. He was staking it all on me. I was starting to like him. It was kind of unfortunate that our evidence wasn't as 100 percent solid as I'd hoped, but as I'd said earlier †¦ technicalities. â€Å"Let them talk.' It was a new voice, but a voice I knew by heart. Lissa pushed her way through two of the guardians. They held their tight position, the immediate concern being that we not escape. This allowed her to slip through–but only so one could grab her arm and stop her from reaching us. â€Å"They've come this far. They were right about †¦ Jill.' Boy, that was not easy for her to say with a straight face, seeing as she hadn't entirely come to terms with the issue. My imminent death was probably the only thing distracting her from the earth shattering experience of learning she had a potential sibling. She too was taking a lot on faith here, confident I was telling the truth. â€Å"You've got them. They can't go anywhere. Just let them talk. I've got evidence to support their case too.' â€Å"I'd hold off on sharing that, Liss,' I said in a low voice. Lissa still believed Daniella was the killer and wasn't going to like hearing the truth. Lissa flashed me a confused look but didn't protest. â€Å"Let's hear them,' said one of the guardians–and not just any: Hans. â€Å"After an escape like they pulled, I'd really like to know what brought them back.' Hans was helping us? â€Å"But,' he continued, â€Å"I'm sure you two will understand we'll have to restrain you before you make your great reveal.' I looked at Dimitri who had already turned to me. We'd both known what we were getting ourselves into, and honestly, this was a better scenario than I'd envisioned. â€Å"Okay,' said Dimitri. He glanced at our noble protectors. â€Å"It's okay. Let them get through.' My mom and the others didn't move right away. â€Å"Do it,' I said. â€Å"Don't end up as our cellmates.' I thought for sure those loveable fools wouldn't listen to me. But Mikhail backed off first, and then the others did too, practically in sync. In a flash, guardians seized them all, leading them away. Dimitri and I stayed put, and four guardians moved in, two for Dimitri and two for me. Adrian had retreated with the others, but Lissa still stood a few feet away from us, all her trust in me. â€Å"Get on with it,' said Hans. He gripped my right arm tightly. I met Lissa's eyes, hating what I had to say. But, no. She wasn't the one I was worried about hurting the most. Looking out into the audience, I found Christian, who was understandably watching this drama with avid attention. I had to turn away and stare at the crowd as a whole, refusing to see individual faces. Just a blur. â€Å"I didn't kill Tatiana Ivashkov,' I said. Several people grumbled doubtfully. â€Å"I didn't like her. But I didn't kill her.' I glanced at Hans. â€Å"You've questioned the janitor who testified about where I was during the murder, right? And he ID'd the man who attacked Lissa as the one who paid him off to lie about where I was?' I'd learned from Mikhail that Joe had eventually admitted to taking money from the mystery Moroi, once the guardians had cornered him with the picture. Hans frowned, hesitated, and then nodded for me to continue. â€Å"There's no record of his existence–at least not with the guardians. But the Alchemists know who he is. They saw him at one of their facilities–acting as someone's bodyguard.' My eyes fell on Ethan Moore, who stood with the guardians near the door. â€Å"A bodyguard for someone who was let in to see Tatiana the night she died: Tasha Ozera.' There was no need for any uproar from the audience this time because Tasha more than made up for it on her own. She'd been sitting next to Christian and sprang up from her chair. â€Å"What on earth are you saying, Rose?' she exclaimed. â€Å"Are you out of your mind?' When I'd stood there defiantly, ready to face the crowd and demand justice, I'd been full of triumph and power. Now †¦ now I was just sad as I stared at someone I'd always trusted, someone who was staring back at me with so much shock and hurt. â€Å"I wish I was †¦ but it's true. We both know it is. You killed Tatiana.' Tasha's disbelief grew, tinged now with a little anger, though she still seemed to be giving me the benefit of the doubt. â€Å"I never, never believed you killed her–and I've fought for you on that. Why are you doing this? Are you playing on the Strigoi taint in our family? I thought you were above that kind of prejudice.' I swallowed. I'd thought getting evidence would be the hard part. It was nothing compared to revealing it. â€Å"What I'm saying has nothing to do with Strigoi. I almost wish it did. You hated Tatiana for her age law and refusal to let Moroi fight.' Another memory came to me, when Tasha had learned about the secret training sessions. Tasha had been aghast with what I now suspected might have been guilt at misjudging the queen. The crowd was riveted and stunned, but one person came to life: an Ozera I didn't know but who apparently had family solidarity on his mind. He stood up, crossing his arms defiantly. â€Å"Half this Court hated Tatiana for that law. You among them.' â€Å"I didn't have my bodyguard bribe a witness or attack Lis–Princess Dragomir. And don't pretend you didn't know the guy,' I warned her. â€Å"He was your bodyguard. You were seen together.' Ian's description of her when she visited St. Louis had been perfectly clear: long black hair, pale blue eyes, and scarring on one side of her face. â€Å"Rose, I can't even believe this is happening, but if James–that was his name–did whatever you're talking about, then he acted alone. He always had radical ideas. I knew that when I hired him as outside protection, but I never thought he was capable of murder.' She glanced around, looking for someone in charge, and finally settled on the Council. â€Å"I've always believed Rose was innocent. If James is the one responsible for this, then I'm more than happy to tell you whatever I know to clear Rose's name.' So, so easy. The mystery Moroi–James–was almost everywhere Tasha had been. He'd also been spotted in suspicious situations where she hadn't been–like Joe's bribery and Lissa's attack. I could save Tasha and just blame it all on him. He was already dead. Tasha and I could stay friends. She'd acted on principle, right? What was wrong with that? Christian stood up beside her, looking at me like I was a stranger. â€Å"Rose, how can you say any of this? You know her. You know she wouldn't do it. Stop making a scene and let us figure out how that James guy killed the queen.' So, so easy. Blame the dead man. â€Å"James couldn't have staked Tatiana,' I said. â€Å"He had an injured hand. It takes both hands for a Moroi to stake someone. I've seen it happen twice now. And I bet if you can get a straight answer out of Ethan Moore †¦' I glanced over at the guardian who had gone pale. He could probably jump into a fight and kill without hesitation. But this kind of scrutiny? And eventual interrogation by his peers? I didn't think he'd hold up. It was probably the reason Tasha had been able to manipulate him. â€Å"James wasn't there the night Tatiana died, was he? And I don't think Daniella Ivashkov was either, despite what Princess Dragomir was told earlier. But Tasha was. She was in the queen's chambers–and you didn't report it.' Ethan looked like he wanted to bolt, but his odds of escape were about as good as mine and Dimitri's. He slowly shook his head. â€Å"Tasha wouldn't kill anyone.' Not exactly the confirmation of her location I wanted–but close. The guardians would get more out of him later. â€Å"Rose!' Christian was pissed off now. Seeing him look at me with such outrage hurt even more than Tasha's expression. â€Å"Stop it!' Lissa took a few hesitant steps forward. I could feel in her mind that she didn't want to believe what I was saying either †¦ yet she still trusted me. She thought of a controversial solution. â€Å"I know it's wrong †¦ but if we used compulsion on the suspects †¦' â€Å"Don't even suggest that!' exclaimed Tasha, turning her sharp eyes on Lissa. â€Å"Stay out of this. Your future's on the line here. A future that could make you great and achieve the things our people need.' â€Å"A future you could manipulate,' I realized. â€Å"Lissa believes in a lot of the reforms you do †¦ and you think you could convince her of ones she doesn't. Especially if she's with your nephew. That's why you've fought so hard to change the quorum law. You wanted her to be queen.' Christian started to step forward, but Tasha laid a restraining hand on his shoulder. It didn't stop him from speaking. â€Å"That's idiotic. If she wanted Lissa to be queen, why make that James guy attack her?' That was a mystery for me too, one of the holes I hadn't quite figured out. But Dimitri had. Conscious of his two guards, he shifted closer to me. â€Å"Because no one was supposed to die.' Dimitri's low, resonant voice sounded wonderful with the room's acoustics. He needed no microphone as he directed his words to Tasha. â€Å"You didn't expect a guardian to be with her.' He was right, I realized. Eddie had been drafted that night under weird circumstances and only barely made it back in time to see Ambrose with Lissa. â€Å"James was probably going to fake an attack and run †¦ enough to generate sympathy and more support for Vasilisa. Which it certainly did–just a little more severely.' The outrage on Tasha's face transformed to something I couldn't entirely gauge right away. She'd seemed offended at my accusations, but from Dimitri–it was more. She looked legitimately hurt. Crushed. I knew that look. I'd seen it on Adrian's face a couple hours ago. â€Å"Dimka, not you too,' she said. Through Lissa's eyes, I watched the colors of Tasha's aura shift, burn a little brighter as she gazed at Dimitri. I could see exactly what Sonya had explained to me, how the aura showed affection. â€Å"And that's why I took the fall,' I murmured softly. No one but Dimitri and our guardians heard me. â€Å"Hmm?' Dimitri asked. I just shook my head. All this time, Tasha had still loved Dimitri. I knew she had last year, when she'd made him an offer to hook up and have kids–not something a lot of dhampir men had the chance to get. He'd refused, and I thought she had accepted simply being friends with him. She hadn't. She'd still loved him. When Lissa had revealed my relationship with Dimitri to Hans, Tasha had already known. But for how long? I wasn't sure. She'd obviously known about the relationship before killing Tatiana, and putting the murder on me left Tasha free and clear and opened back up her chances with Dimitri. There was no point in bringing up her personal motives for blaming me. Tatiana's murder was the real issue at stake. I just looked at Hans. â€Å"You can take me into custody, I meant it. But don't you think you've got enough to take her–and Ethan–in too?' Hans's face was unreadable. His feelings toward me had always gone back and forth, since the day we met. Sometimes I was a troublemaker without a future. Other times I had the potential to be a leader. He'd believed I was a murderer, yet he'd still allowed me to address the crowd. He didn't really like my friends either. What would he do now? He lifted his eyes from my face and looked to where several guardians were stationed in the audience, ready for any action. He gave a curt nod. â€Å"Take Lady Ozera. And Moore. We'll question them.' Seeing as Tasha was seated amidst other people, there was a bit of fear and panic when four guardians moved toward her. They avoided injuring other audience members as much as possible, but there was still plenty of pushing and shoving. What came as a total surprise was how fiercely Tasha fought back. She was trained, I remembered. Not in the same way guardians were, but enough to make it hard to get a hold of her. She could kick and punch–and stake queens–and even managed to knock one guardian down. She might actually try to fight her way out of here, I realized–though I didn't believe for an instant she could. It was too crowded and chaotic. Guardians were heading toward the fray. Terrified Moroi were trying to get away from the fight. Everybody seemed to be getting in everyone else's way. Suddenly, a loudcrack echoed through the room. A gunshot. Most of the Moroi dropped to the floor, though guardians kept coming. Holding a handgun she must have seized from the guardian she'd knocked over, Tasha grabbed the first Moroi she could with her free hand. So help me, it was Mia Rinaldi. She'd been sitting near Christian. I didn't think Tasha even noticed her hostage choice. â€Å"Don't move!' Tasha yelled at the encroaching guardians. The gun was at Mia's head, and I felt my heart stop. How had things escalated to this point? I'd never foreseen this. My task was supposed to be neat and tidy. Reveal Tasha. Put her away. Done. The guardians froze, less because of her command and more because they were sizing up how to deal with the total threat. Meanwhile, Tasha began to slowly–very slowly–make her way toward the exit, dragging Mia along. Her progress was slow and unwieldy, thanks to all the chairs and people in the way. The delay gave the guardians time to solve this ugly dilemma. They come first. Mia's life–a Moroi life–was on the line. The guardians didn't want Mia killed, but a gun-toting warrior Moroi also couldn't be allowed to go free. The thing was, Tasha wasn't the only warrior Moroi in the room. She had probably picked the worst hostage possible, and I could tell by the glint in Mia's eyes that she was not going to go quietly. Lissa realized this too. One or both of them were going to get killed, and Lissa couldn't let that happen. If she could get Tasha to look at her, she could compel her into submission. No, no, no, I thought. I didn't need another friend involved. Both Lissa and I saw Mia tensing to break her way out of Tasha's hold. Lissa realized she had to act now. I could feel it through the bond. I could feel her thoughts, the decision, even the way her body's muscles and nerves moved forward to get Tasha's attention. I felt it all so clearly, as if we shared the same body. I knew where Lissa would move before she even did. â€Å"Tasha, please don't–‘ Lissa sprang forward, her plaintive cry interrupted as Mia kicked back at Tasha and broke away, slipping down out of the gun's reach. Tasha, startled on two fronts, still had her gun pointed out. With Mia out of her grasp and everything happening so fast, Tasha frantically fired off a couple shots at the first threat moving toward her–which wasn't the rapidly approaching guardians. It was a slim figure in white who had shouted at Tasha. Or, well, it would have been. Like I said, I'd known exactly where Lissa would step and what she would do. And in those precious seconds before she acted, I broke out of my captors' hold and threw myself before Lissa. Someone leapt after me, but they were too late. That was when Tasha's gun had gone off. I felt a biting and burning in my chest, and then there was nothing but pain–a pain so complete and so intense it was almost beyond comprehension. I felt myself falling, felt Lissa catching me and yelling something–maybe to me, maybe to someone else. There was so much commotion in the room that I didn't know what had happened with Tasha. There was just me and the pain that my mind was trying to block out. The world seemed to grow quieter and quieter. I saw Lissa looking down on me, shouting something I couldn't hear. She was beautiful. Brilliant. Crowned in light †¦ but there was darkness closing in around her. And in that darkness, I saw the faces †¦ the ghosts and spirits that always followed me. Thicker they grew, closing in. Beckoning. A gun. I had been brought down by a gun. It was practically comical. Cheaters, I thought. I'd spent my life focusing on hand-to-hand combat, learning to dodge fangs and powerful hands that could snap my neck. A gun? It was so †¦ well, easy. Should I be insulted? I didn't know. Did it matter? I didn't know that either. All I knew in that moment was that I was going to die, regardless. My vision was growing dimmer, the blackness and ghosts closing in, and I swore, it was like I could hear Robert whispering in my ear: The world of the dead won't give you up a second time. Just before the light completely vanished, I saw Dimitri's face join Lissa's. I wanted to smile. I decided then that if the two people I loved most were safe, I could leave this world. The dead could finally have me. And I'd fulfilled my purpose, right? To protect? I'd done it. I'd saved Lissa, just like I'd sworn I'd always do. I was dying in battle. No appointment books for me. Lissa's face shone with tears, and I hoped that mine conveyed how much I loved her. With the last spark of life I had left, I tried to speak, tried to let Dimitri know I loved him too and that he had to protect her now. I don't think he understood, but the words of the guardian mantra were my last conscious thought. They come first.

Free Essays on Chemotherapy The Real Killer

Chemotherapy: The Real Killer It’s like a time bomb, slowly ticking away as certain death draws closer. Eventually, your body is unable to sustain life and you take your last breath. People you have trusted lied to you and your family, betrayal with no admission of fault. Poisons travel through your blood stream, laying waste to your immune system. Every year over 500,000 thousand people experience a situation similar to the above when being â€Å"treated† with chemotherapy drugs. To offer chemotherapy as an actual viable solution to any form of cancer is irrefutably a deadly decision on the part of the doctor, and a grave mistake for the patient. Completely eradicating your immune is not the approach one should use when struggling with a disease or virus. It simply does not make sense. Understanding why exactly chemotherapy is such a threat to a patients health, we must understand what exactly cancer is and how it works. If you look at cancer philosophically, you'll realize that cancer is immoral behavior at the level of cellular life. "Immoral Behavior" in all societies has always included the concept of sexual promiscuity. "Promiscuity" refers to unrestricted sexual activity sex often and with anyone at hand. (How Chemotherapy Works) Just as one human can engage in sexual promiscuity, so can one cell. When cells do this they start reproducing at an excessive rate. (How Chemotherapy Works) These sexually promiscuous cells begin reproduction cycle that breads cancer. This is the definition of cancer – abnormal cell growth. Usually it is cell growth that is more rapid than normal, but there can be other abnormalities. (How chemotherapy works) The entire process of chemotherapy treatment, the side-effects and aftermath is a long twisted tunnel built on lies and corruption. We will embark on this journey, as I will review medical journals, patient journals and personal experiences, to uncover the truth about the ong... Free Essays on Chemotherapy The Real Killer Free Essays on Chemotherapy The Real Killer Chemotherapy: The Real Killer It’s like a time bomb, slowly ticking away as certain death draws closer. Eventually, your body is unable to sustain life and you take your last breath. People you have trusted lied to you and your family, betrayal with no admission of fault. Poisons travel through your blood stream, laying waste to your immune system. Every year over 500,000 thousand people experience a situation similar to the above when being â€Å"treated† with chemotherapy drugs. To offer chemotherapy as an actual viable solution to any form of cancer is irrefutably a deadly decision on the part of the doctor, and a grave mistake for the patient. Completely eradicating your immune is not the approach one should use when struggling with a disease or virus. It simply does not make sense. Understanding why exactly chemotherapy is such a threat to a patients health, we must understand what exactly cancer is and how it works. If you look at cancer philosophically, you'll realize that cancer is immoral behavior at the level of cellular life. "Immoral Behavior" in all societies has always included the concept of sexual promiscuity. "Promiscuity" refers to unrestricted sexual activity sex often and with anyone at hand. (How Chemotherapy Works) Just as one human can engage in sexual promiscuity, so can one cell. When cells do this they start reproducing at an excessive rate. (How Chemotherapy Works) These sexually promiscuous cells begin reproduction cycle that breads cancer. This is the definition of cancer – abnormal cell growth. Usually it is cell growth that is more rapid than normal, but there can be other abnormalities. (How chemotherapy works) The entire process of chemotherapy treatment, the side-effects and aftermath is a long twisted tunnel built on lies and corruption. We will embark on this journey, as I will review medical journals, patient journals and personal experiences, to uncover the truth about the ong...

Environmental Determinism and Possibilism Essays

Environmental Determinism and Possibilism Essays Environmental Determinism and Possibilism Paper Environmental Determinism and Possibilism Paper These two ideas can be almost as conflict-ridden as Creationism and Evolution, with both sides of the fight drawing lines in the sand and rallying behind them. Hopefully the reader of this essay will find that Environmental determinism and Possibility may have different theories, but are not so different when considered towards a problems beginning and ultimately its end. Examples of Environmental Determinism could be tropical viruses that cannot flourish outside tropical zones, bananas and their inability to thrive naturally in Vermont, humans not being able to breathe under eater, and amusingly: pigs not being able to fly. All of these examples are limited to where and what they can do because they cannot escape their environment, as it has shaped them as much as they it. Humans are a terrestrial species, meaning we live and exist on solid land above sea level. Our bodies have shaped themselves to this environment and we will shape the environment back to continue this trait, thus the chances of humans developing gills for water breath inning are ridiculously unlikely without a decidedly massive environmental change and a possibly forced evolution to adapt to said new environment. Being concerned with environmental changes and the need to change or adapt, the theory of Possibility comes into view. Possibility revolves around using what is available, and with ingenuity and/or technology making it accomplish what was previously impossible. Possibility could be a skillet that Maguire

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